Düziçi (Düziçi İlçesi)
Düziçi is a town and district of Osmaniye Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. It is located in a small plain in the foothills of the Nur Mountains and 440 m above the sea level.
Düziçi is on a route from the Middle East to Anatolia and has seen numerous armies and campaigns throughout the centuries. The historical names for this site are minor variations of Haruniye (Arabic: al-Hārūniyya(h); Armenian: Harun or Harunia; Crusader: Haronia or Aronia). Its small castle is on an outcrop about 3 kilometers northeast of the town.
The ancient names of the city were Irenopolis and Neronias.
The fortress was built in A.D. 785/86 during the Abbasid Caliphate by Harun al-Rashid as a link in a chain of Arab defenses along the Nur Dağları, and named after him as al-Haruniyya. The Byzantine general Nicephorus Phocas captured the 1,500 residents of Haruniyya in 959. When it was recaptured by Emir of Aleppo, Sayf al-Dawla, in 967, the fort was repaired. Following the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 nomadic Turks began to move into Anatolia and the nearby hills were temporarily settled by the Avşar tribe of the Turkmen. At some point between the mid-12th century and 1198/99 it became the possession of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. On January 22, 1236 the Armenian King Hethum I and his wife Isabella bestowed the castle and village of Haruniyya to the Knights of the Teutonic Order. The plan of the local medieval fortress, Haruniye Kalesi, reveals a compact keep-like structure with a massive tower at the east, which protects a postern gate. There are continuous galleries with pointed vaults in the north and west walls which are opened by embrasured arrow slits. The main entrance is at the south. Repairs to the castle may belong to the Teutonic Knights or the Mamluks. The lower level of the large tower at the east may have functioned as a cistern.
In the late 13th century it was captured by the Egyptian Mamluks, who made Haruniyya the administrative center for eastern Cilicia in the mid-14th century. The Ottomans took control in 1516 during the campaign against Egypt of Sultan Selim I. In the Ottoman period the town was still known as Haruniye. Düziçi is one of many places in the Çukurova area that claims association with the legendary 17th century folk-poet Karacaoğlan.
The town was occupied by the French forces after the First World War until the Turkish War of Independence.
Düziçi is on a route from the Middle East to Anatolia and has seen numerous armies and campaigns throughout the centuries. The historical names for this site are minor variations of Haruniye (Arabic: al-Hārūniyya(h); Armenian: Harun or Harunia; Crusader: Haronia or Aronia). Its small castle is on an outcrop about 3 kilometers northeast of the town.
The ancient names of the city were Irenopolis and Neronias.
The fortress was built in A.D. 785/86 during the Abbasid Caliphate by Harun al-Rashid as a link in a chain of Arab defenses along the Nur Dağları, and named after him as al-Haruniyya. The Byzantine general Nicephorus Phocas captured the 1,500 residents of Haruniyya in 959. When it was recaptured by Emir of Aleppo, Sayf al-Dawla, in 967, the fort was repaired. Following the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 nomadic Turks began to move into Anatolia and the nearby hills were temporarily settled by the Avşar tribe of the Turkmen. At some point between the mid-12th century and 1198/99 it became the possession of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. On January 22, 1236 the Armenian King Hethum I and his wife Isabella bestowed the castle and village of Haruniyya to the Knights of the Teutonic Order. The plan of the local medieval fortress, Haruniye Kalesi, reveals a compact keep-like structure with a massive tower at the east, which protects a postern gate. There are continuous galleries with pointed vaults in the north and west walls which are opened by embrasured arrow slits. The main entrance is at the south. Repairs to the castle may belong to the Teutonic Knights or the Mamluks. The lower level of the large tower at the east may have functioned as a cistern.
In the late 13th century it was captured by the Egyptian Mamluks, who made Haruniyya the administrative center for eastern Cilicia in the mid-14th century. The Ottomans took control in 1516 during the campaign against Egypt of Sultan Selim I. In the Ottoman period the town was still known as Haruniye. Düziçi is one of many places in the Çukurova area that claims association with the legendary 17th century folk-poet Karacaoğlan.
The town was occupied by the French forces after the First World War until the Turkish War of Independence.
Map - Düziçi (Düziçi İlçesi)
Map
Country - Turkey
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| Flag of Turkey | |
One of the world's earliest permanently settled regions, present-day Turkey was home to important Neolithic sites like Göbekli Tepe, and was inhabited by ancient civilisations including the Hattians, Hittites, Anatolian peoples, Mycenaean Greeks, Persians and others. Following the conquests of Alexander the Great which started the Hellenistic period, most of the ancient regions in modern Turkey were culturally Hellenised, which continued during the Byzantine era. The Seljuk Turks began migrating in the 11th century, and the Sultanate of Rum ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into small Turkish principalities. Beginning in the late 13th century, the Ottomans united the principalities and conquered the Balkans, and the Turkification of Anatolia increased during the Ottoman period. After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453, Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I. During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire became a global power. From the late 18th century onwards, the empire's power declined with a gradual loss of territories. Mahmud II started a period of modernisation in the early 19th century. The Young Turk Revolution of 1908 restricted the authority of the Sultan and restored the Ottoman Parliament after a 30-year suspension, ushering the empire into a multi-party period. The 1913 coup d'état put the country under the control of the Three Pashas, who facilitated the Empire's entry into World War I as part of the Central Powers in 1914. During the war, the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Greek and Assyrian subjects. After its defeat in the war, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned.
Currency / Language
| ISO | Currency | Symbol | Significant figures |
|---|---|---|---|
| TRY | Turkish lira | ₺ | 2 |
| ISO | Language |
|---|---|
| AV | Avar language |
| AZ | Azerbaijani language |
| KU | Kurdish language |
| TR | Turkish language |